Massachusetts was among the first states to respond President Lincoln's call for troops. Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train and arm a black regiment, with white officers, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.

Furnished White Troops	122,781
Furnished Sailors and Marines	19,983
Furnished Colored Troops	2,966
Total Troops Furnished	146,730

Killed and Mortally Wounded	6,115
Died of Disease	5,530
Died as Prisoner	1,483
Died from Accidents	257
Died from Causes Except Battle	557
Total Deaths	13,942

The Bay State was a significant supplier of war materiel and supplies for the Union Army. Among the industrial concerns that were based in Massachusetts during the war were the Adams Express Company (which secretly maintained control over its Southern subsidiary during the war, despite government bans of trade with the South) and the Elias Howe Company, which provided drums and fifes for Massachusetts troops during the war. Several Massachusetts companies produced steam engines and railcars for civilian and military usage during the Civil War, including Globe Locomotive Works and Hinkley Locomotive Works.

Arms and munitions were also an important part of Massachusetts industrial output. Private companies such as Smith & Wesson and the National Arms Company enjoyed significant U.S. government contracts to produce weapons and ammunition. The largest Federal government-owned factory was the Springfield Armory, maker of the Springfield Rifle.

Notable Civil War leaders from Massachusetts included Union generals Nathaniel Prentice Banks, Darius N. Couch, Joseph Hooker, Edwin V. Sumner, and Nelson A. Miles.

Boston-born Albert Pike served as a general in the Confederate army, as did Albert Blanchard, who was born near Boston in Charlestown.

Sources:
http://www.massachusettscivilwar.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War